Around 1 in 3 people of menstruation age develop fibroids in the UK. Fibroids most commonly develop between the ages of 30-50 during reproductive age and affect 2 out of 3 women and menstruating people in their lifetime. Many people are asymptomatic and will not be aware of the fibroid.

Fibroids can vary in size ranging from pea-sized to a large grapefruit. Some can be as large as a watermelon. Most of the time, these growths are benign (non-cancerous). The exact cause of fibroids is unknown, however prolonged exposure to the hormone oestrogen is an attributed cause as well as genetics. Anyone can get fibroids, but obesity and African-Caribbean heritage can increase the risk.

Fibroids often shrink themselves during menopausal age

Symptoms that can manifest may include:

• Pressure and pain in the lower pelvic area, abdomen or back
• Heavy or lengthier periods
• Bleeding in between periods
• Pain during sex
• Bladder symptoms such as frequent urination or bowel symptoms such as constipation, straining and bloating.
• Pregnancy complications and infertility.

Diagnosis

Fibroids are diagnosed through tests and scans such as an ultrasound or MRI. Further diagnostic procedures may be recommended should they be required such as a hysteroscopy, laparoscopy and biopsy.

Treatment

Medication may be offered to assist the shrinking of the fibroid. Surgery and less invasive procedures may be offered should medication not help.

Treatment may include:

• Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) – a device inserted inside the womb for the slow release of levonorgestrel – a progestogen hormone. It ceases the growth of the lining of the womb equating to it being thinner with lighter bleeding. There are some side effects.
• Tranexamic acid may be prescribed to reduce the loss of blood.
• Other medication including anti-inflammatory medicine, the contraceptive pill, oral or injected progestogen may be offered.
• Surgery to remove the fibroids may be considered in severe cases and can include removal of the womb during a hysterectomy procedure.
• A myectomy may be offered to remove the fibroids for those that intend to have children.

Concerns should be raised with a GP who can refer for further tests to allow for the best course of diagnosis and treatment.

Charities

British Fibroid Trust provide information, support and updates on ongoing research and studies.

Fibroid Forum UK – empower women to make informed choices through education and information around treatment options.

If you have concerns about the gynaecological care that you or a family member has received, please contact our specialist team for a no-obligation consultation on 0116 254 7456 or at enquiries@moosaduke.com.